0305 FreeCodeCamp Python Certification — Classes and Objects Review

Classes and Objects Review**

Python Classes and Objects

Class Definition: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the behavior an object will have through its attributes and methods.

class Dog:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
      self.name = name
      self.age = age

  def bark(self):
      print(f'{self.name.upper()} says woof woof!')

Creating Objects: Objects are instances of a class. They are created by calling the class with the necessary arguments.

dog1 = Dog('Jack', 3)
dog2 = Dog('Thatcher', 5)

dog1.bark()  # JACK says woof woof!
dog2.bark()  # THATCHER says woof woof!

Calling Methods on Objects: You can call methods on objects to perform actions or retrieve information.
```
object_name1.method_name()
object_name2.method_name()
```
Difference Between Class and Object: A class is a reusable template, while an object is a specific instance of that class with actual data.

Attributes

Instance Attributes: Defined in __init__() using self, and unique to each object.
Class Attributes: Defined directly inside the class and shared by all instances.

Methods

Methods: Functions defined inside a class that operate on the object’s attributes.
Accessing Methods: Call methods on objects using the dot notation.

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